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Objective:To evaluate the role of connexin43 (Cx43) in sevoflurane anesthesia-induced cognitive dysfunction in aged rats.Methods:Fifty-two healthy male Sprague-Dawley rats, aged 18 months, weighing 400-500 g, were divided into 4 groups ( n=13 each) using a random number table method: control group (C group), sevoflurane group (SEV group), sevoflurane plus sh-NC group (SEV+ sh-NC group) and sevoflurane plus sh-Cx43 group (SEV+ sh-Cx43 group). Sevoflurane anesthesia model was established by inhaling 3% sevoflurane for 6 h. In SEV+ sh-NC group and SEV+ sh-CX43 group, sh-NC 5 nmol and sh-CX43 5 nmol were transfected into the lateral ventricles, respectively, at 1 day before sevoflurane anesthesia.Morris water maze test was performed at 30 min before anesthesia and 1, 2 and 3 days after the end of anesthesia, and the rats were sacrificed at each time point after Morris water maze test, the brains were removed, and the hippocampi were isolated for microscopic examination of the pathological changes and for determination of the expression of Cx43, cleaved caspase-3 and cleaved caspase-9 (by using Western blot), and contents of interleukin-1beta (IL-1β), tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) and IL-6 (by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay). Results:Compared with group C, the escape latency was significantly prolonged, and the number of crossing the original platform was reduced, and the expression of CX43, cleaved caspase-3 and cleaved caspase-9 was up-regulated, and the contents of IL-1β, TNF-α and IL-6 were increased in group SEV ( P<0.05). Compared with group SEV, the escape latency was significantly shortened, the number of crossing the original platform was increased, and the expression of CX43, cleaved caspase-3 and cleaved caspase-9 was down-regulated, the contents of IL-1β, TNF-α and IL-6 were decreased ( P<0.05), and the hippocampal pathological injury was reduced in group SEV+ sh-CX43, and no significant change was found in the indicators mentioned above in group SEV+ sh-NC ( P>0.05). Conclusion:Cx43 is involved in the pathophysiological mechanism of sevoflurane-induced cognitive dysfunction probably by inducing neuroinflammatory responses and cell apoptosis in aged rats.
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Objective Bushen-Qingxin decoction combined conjugated estrogen tablets of modulation perimenopausal women osteoporosis patients, explore the impact of bone mineral density and bone metabolic markers. Methods A total of 160 female patients were recruited in our hospital by the random number table method, and were divided into the control group 80 cases and the observation group 80 cases. The control group was treated with standard dose of conjugated estrogen tablets, while the observation group was treated with Bushen Qingxin decoction on the basis of the control group. Both groups were treated 3 period with 28 days per period. The enzyme-linked immunity analyzer was used to detect serum bone-specific alkaline phosphatase (BALP), C-terminal cross linked peptide (CTX-Ⅰ), tartrate resistant acid phosphatase -5b (TRACP-5b) level, and the dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry measurement method was used to detect bone mineral density values. The clinical curative effect was compared between two groups. Results The total effective rate of the observation group was 91.3%, while the control group was 78.8%, which showed the difference was statistically significant (χ 2=3.971, P=3.971). After treatment, the serum BALP levels (88.55 ± 10.33 U/L vs. 80.47 ± 8.67 U/L, t=5.399) of the observation group were significantly higher than this of the control group (P<0.01). After treatment, the serum TRACP-5b (501.31 ± 35.77 pg/L vs. 538.51 ± 37.69 pg/L, t=6.498), CTX- (130.09 ±Ⅰ17.55 ng/ml vs. 164.71 ± 19.45 ng/ml, t=11.928) of the observation group were significantly lower than those of the control group (P<0.01). After treatment, the bone mineral density of the observation group rose up from the baseline (t=3.396, P=0.010). Conclusions The Bushen-Qingxin decoction combined conjugated estrogen tablets can increase on women in the menopausal transition of osteoporosis in patients with bone mineral density values and serum BALP levels, reduce serum TRACP-5b, CTX-Ⅰ level.
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Objective To investigate the multiparametric magnetic resonance technique in diagnosis of bladder urothelial carcinoma. Methods The clinical data of 80 patients with urinary tract disease who were treat-ed in the Department of Urology in our hospital from October 2016 to March 2017 were analyzed.The patients were divided into two groups:the tumor group(39 patients with bladder cancer)and the control group(41 patients with the remaining bladder disease).The basic information of two groups and pathological diagnosis results were record-ed and analyzed. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was performed to screen out the statistical significance of the diagnosis of bladder cancer. The ROC curve was applied to determine the best diagnostic point. Results The multivariate analysis showed that UBC level(P=0.039),NMP22(P=0.038)and ADC(P=0.028)have signifi-cance in diagnosis of bladder cancer. Pearson analysis showed that there was a significant correlation between the ADC value and the NMP22(r = 0.333,P = 0.038). The ROC curve shows that the ADC area under the ROC curve was 0.750. The diagnostic sensitivity of ADC value was 0.9750 × 10-3mm2/s;The diagnostic sensitivity was 73.2% and specificity was 69.2%. Conclusion Multiparametric magnetic resonance imaging is of great value in the diagnosis of bladder cancer.
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Objective To evaluate the role of C-X-C chemokine receptor type 4 ( CXCR4) in the dorsal root ganglia ( DRG) in incisional pain in rats. Methods Thirty-two male Sprague-Dawley rats, aged 7-10 weeks, weighing 250-300 g, in which intrathecal catheters were successfully implanted, were divided into 4 groups (n＝8 each) using a random number table method: sham operation group (group S), CXCR4 antagonist AMD3100 plus sham operation group (group A+S), incisional pain group (group I) and CXCR4 antagonist AMD3100 plus incisional pain group (group A+I). Rats were anesthetized with sevoflu-rane. AMD3100 20 μg (in 10 μl of normal saline) was intrathecally injected, and no incision was made 30 min later in group A+S. A 1-cm longitudinal incision was made through skin, fascia and muscle of the plantar aspect of the left hindpaw in group I. AMD3100 20 μg (in 10 μl of normal saline) was intrathecally injected, and 30 min later the model of incisional pain was established in group A+I. The mechanical paw withdrawal threshold ( MWT) and thermal paw withdrawal latency ( TWL) were measured at 24 h before surgery and 2, 4, 8, 16 and 24 h after surgery. The rats were sacrificed after the last measurement of pain threshold and the DRGs of the lumbar segment (L4-6) were removed for detecting the expression of CXCR4, phosphorylated extracellular regulated protein kinase ( p-ERK) and total ERK ( t-ERK) by Western blot. Results Compared with group S, MWT was significantly decreased and TWL was shortened at T1-5in group I and group A+I, and the expression of CXCR4 and p-ERK in DRGs was significantly up-regulated (P＜0. 05), and no significant change was found in the expression of t-ERK in group I, no significant change was found in the expression of CXCR4, p-ERK and t-ERK in group A+I, and no significant change was found in the parameters mentioned above in group A+S (P＞0. 05). Compared with group I, MWT was significantly increased and TWL was prolonged at T1-5, the expression of CXCR4 and p-ERK in DRGs was down-regulated (P＜0. 05), and no significant change was found in the expression of t-ERK in group A+I (P＞0. 05). Conclusion CXCR4 in DRGs is involved in incisional pain, and the mechanism may be re-lated to activating ERK1∕2 signaling pathway in rats.
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Objective To evaluate the changes in mRNA expressions of Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) and its down-stream cytokines IL-1β,IL-6 and TNF-a in incisional tissues from a rat with postoperative pain.Methods Incisional pain was induced in 74 male adult SD rats weighing 200-250 g.Paw mechanical withdrawal threshold (PMWT) around the wound on the operated and nonoperated sides was measured at 1 day before operation and at 0.5,1,2,6 and 12 hours as well as 1,2,3,5 and 7 days after operation.Skin incisional tissues were removed for determination of mRNA expressions of TLR4,IL-1β,IL-6 and TNF-a using real-time quantitative PCR at 1 day before operation and at 2 and 8 hours as well as 1,2,3,5 and 7 days after operation.Results Compared with the baseline value before operation,PMWT on the operated side was significantly decreased at 0.5 hours-5 days after operation,mRNA expression of TLR4 around the wounds on the operated side was down-regulated at 2 hours after operation followed by a gradual increase,mRNA expressions of IL-1β,IL-6 and TNF-α on the operative side were up-regulated at 2 and 8 hours as well as 1,2,3 and 5 days after operation (P ＜ 0.05),but no significant changes were found in PMWT and mRNA expressions of TLR4,IL-1β,IL-6 and TNF-α on the non-operated side(P ＞ 0.05).PMWT on the operated side was lowest at 6 hours after operation followed by the gradual increase,mRNA expression of TLR4 on the operated side peaked at 2 days after operation,and mRNA expressions of IL-1β,IL-6 and TNF-a respectively peaked at 2 hours,1 day and 3 days after operation (P ＜ 0.05).mRNA expressions of TLR4,IL-1β,IL-6 and TNF-a were negatively correlated with PMWT on the operative side (r =-0.501,-0.743,-0.893,-0.657,P ＜ 0.05),and mRNA expressions of IL-1 β,IL-6 and TNF-a were positively correlated with the level of TLR4 mRNA(r=0.764,0.283,0.667,P＜0.05).Conclusion mRNA expressions of TLR4 and its down-stream cytokines IL-1 β,IL-6 and TNF-a in skin incisional tissues are up-regulated,which may be involved in the development and maintenance of postoperative pain.